A benchmark dataset for emulating atmospheric radiative transfer in weather and climate models with machine learning (NeurIPS 2021 Datasets and Benchmarks Track)

Overview

ClimART - A Benchmark Dataset for Emulating Atmospheric Radiative Transfer in Weather and Climate Models

Python PyTorch CC BY 4.0

Official PyTorch Implementation

Using deep learning to optimise radiative transfer calculations.

Preliminary paper to appear at NeurIPS 2021 Datasets Track: https://openreview.net/forum?id=FZBtIpEAb5J

Abstract: Numerical simulations of Earth's weather and climate require substantial amounts of computation. This has led to a growing interest in replacing subroutines that explicitly compute physical processes with approximate machine learning (ML) methods that are fast at inference time. Within weather and climate models, atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) calculations are especially expensive. This has made them a popular target for neural network-based emulators. However, prior work is hard to compare due to the lack of a comprehensive dataset and standardized best practices for ML benchmarking. To fill this gap, we build a large dataset, ClimART, with more than 10 million samples from present, pre-industrial, and future climate conditions, based on the Canadian Earth System Model. ClimART poses several methodological challenges for the ML community, such as multiple out-of-distribution test sets, underlying domain physics, and a trade-off between accuracy and inference speed. We also present several novel baselines that indicate shortcomings of datasets and network architectures used in prior work.

Contact: Venkatesh Ramesh (venka97 at gmail) or Salva Rühling Cachay (salvaruehling at gmail).

Overview:

  • climart/: Package with the main code, baselines and ML training logic.
  • notebooks/: Notebooks for visualization of data.
  • analysis/: Scripts to create visualization of the results (requires logging).
  • scripts/: Scripts to train and evaluate models, and to download the whole ClimART dataset.

Getting Started

Requirements

  • Linux and Windows are supported, but we recommend Linux for performance and compatibility reasons.
  • NVIDIA GPUs with at least 8 GB of memory and system with 12 GB RAM (More RAM is required if training with --load_train_into_mem option which allows for faster training). We have done all testing and development using NVIDIA V100 GPUs.
  • 64-bit Python >=3.7 and PyTorch >=1.8.1. See https://pytorch.org/ for PyTorch install instructions.
  • Python libraries mentioned in ``env.yml`` file, see Getting Started (Need to have miniconda/conda installed).

Downloading the ClimART Dataset

By default, only a subset of CLimART is downloaded. To download the train/val/test years you want, please change the loop in ``data_download.sh.`` appropriately. To download the whole ClimART dataset, you can simply run

bash scripts/download_climart_full.sh 

conda env create -f env.yml   # create new environment will all dependencies
conda activate climart  # activate the environment called 'climart'
bash data_download.sh  # download the dataset (or a subset of it, see above)
# For one of {CNN, GraphNet, GCN, MLP}, run the model with its lowercase name with the following commmand:
bash scripts/train_<model-name>.sh

Dataset Structure

To avoid storage redundancy, we store one single input array for both pristine- and clear-sky conditions. The dimensions of ClimART’s input arrays are:

  • layers: (N, 49, D-lay)
  • levels: (N, 50, 4)
  • globals: (N, 82)

where N is the data dimension (i.e. the number of examples of a specific year, or, during training, of a batch), 49 and 50 are the number of layers and levels in a column respectively. Dlay, 4, 82 is the number of features/channels for layers, levels, globals respectively.

For pristine-sky Dlay = 14, while for clear-sky Dlay = 45, since it contains extra aerosol related variables. The array for pristine-sky conditions can be easily accessed by slicing the first 14 features out of the stored array, e.g.: pristine_array = layers_array[:, :, : 14]

The complete list of variables in the dataset is as follows:

Variables List

Training Options

--exp_type: "pristine" or "clear_sky" for training on the respective atmospheric conditions.
--target_type: "longwave" (thermal) or "shortwave" (solar) for training on the respective radiation type targets.
--target_variable: "Fluxes" or "Heating-rate" for training on profiles of fluxes or heating rates.
--model: ML model architecture to select for training (MLP, GCN, GN, CNN)
--workers: The number of workers to use for dataloading/multi-processing.
--device: "cuda" or "cpu" to use GPUs or not.
--load_train_into_mem: Whether to load the training data into memory (can speed up training)
--load_val_into_mem: Whether to load the validation data into memory (can speed up training)
--lr: The learning rate to use for training.
--epochs: Number of epochs to train the model for.
--optim: The choice of optimizer to use (e.g. Adam)
--scheduler: The learning rate scheduler used for training (expdecay, reducelronplateau, steplr, cosine).
--weight_decay: Weight decay to use for the optimization process.
--batch_size: Batch size for training.
--act: Activation function (e.g. ReLU, GeLU, ...).
--hidden_dims: The hidden dimensionalities to use for the model (e.g. 128 128).
--dropout: Dropout rate to use for parameters.
--loss: Loss function to train the model with (MSE recommended).
--in_normalize: Select how to normalize the data (Z, min_max, None). Z-scaling is recommended.
--net_norm: Normalization scheme to use in the model (batch_norm, layer_norm, instance_norm)
--gradient_clipping: If "norm", the L2-norm of the parameters is clipped the value of --clip. Otherwise no clipping.
--clip: Value to clip the gradient to while training.
--val_metric: Which metric to use for saving the 'best' model based on validation set. Default: "RMSE"
--gap: Use global average pooling in-place of MLP to get output (CNN only).
--learn_edge_structure: If --model=='GCN': Whether to use a L-GCN (if set) with learnable adjacency matrix, or a GCN.
--train_years: The years to select for training the data. (Either individual years 1997+1991 or range 1991-1996)
--validation_years: The years to select for validating the data. Recommended: "2005" or "2005-06" 
--test_ood_1991: Whether to load and test on OOD data from 1991 (Mt. Pinatubo; especially challenging for clear-sky conditions)
--test_ood_historic: Whether to load and test on historic/pre-industrial OOD data from 1850-52.
--test_ood_future: Whether to load and test on future OOD data from 2097-99 (under a changing climate/radiative forcing)
--wandb_model: If "online", Weights&Biases logging. If "disabled" no logging.
--expID: A unique ID for the experiment if using logging.

Reproducing our Baselines

To reproduce our paper results (for seed = 7) you may run the following commands in a shell.

CNN

python main.py --model "CNN" --exp_type "pristine" --target_type "shortwave" --workers 6 --seed 7 \
  --batch_size 128 --lr 2e-4 --optim Adam --weight_decay 1e-6 --scheduler "expdecay" \
  --in_normalize "Z" --net_norm "none" --dropout 0.0 --act "GELU" --epochs 100 \
  --gap --gradient_clipping "norm" --clip 1.0 \
  --train_years "1990+1999+2003" --validation_years "2005" \
  --wandb_mode disabled

MLP

python main.py --model "MLP" --exp_type "pristine" --target_type "shortwave" --workers 6 --seed 7 \
  --batch_size 128 --lr 2e-4 --optim Adam --weight_decay 1e-6 --scheduler "expdecay" \
  --in_normalize "Z" --net_norm "layer_norm" --dropout 0.0 --act "GELU" --epochs 100 \
  --gradient_clipping "norm" --clip 1.0 --hidden_dims 512 256 256 \
  --train_years "1990+1999+2003" --validation_years "2005" \
  --wandb_mode disabled

GCN

python main.py --model "GCN+Readout" --exp_type "pristine" --target_type "shortwave" --workers 6 --seed 7 \
  --batch_size 128 --lr 2e-4 --optim Adam --weight_decay 1e-6 --scheduler "expdecay" \
  --in_normalize "Z" --net_norm "layer_norm" --dropout 0.0 --act "GELU" --epochs 100 \
  --preprocessing "mlp_projection" --projector_net_normalization "layer_norm" --graph_pooling "mean"\
  --residual --improved_self_loops \
  --gradient_clipping "norm" --clip 1.0 --hidden_dims 128 128 128 \  
  --train_years "1990+1999+2003" --validation_years "2005" \
  --wandb_mode disabled

Logging

Currently, logging is disabled by default. However, the user may use wandb to log the experiments by passing the argument --wandb_mode=online

Notebooks

There are some jupyter notebooks in the notebooks folder which we used for plotting, benchmarking etc. You may go through them to visualize the results/benchmark the models.

License:

This work is made available under Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. CC BY 4.0

Development

This repository is currently under active development and you may encounter bugs with some functionality. Any feedback, extensions & suggestions are welcome!

Citation

If you find ClimART or this repository helpful, feel free to cite our publication:

@inproceedings{cachay2021climart,
    title={{ClimART}: A Benchmark Dataset for Emulating Atmospheric Radiative Transfer in Weather and Climate Models},
    author={Salva R{\"u}hling Cachay and Venkatesh Ramesh and Jason N. S. Cole and Howard Barker and David Rolnick},
    booktitle={Thirty-fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Datasets and Benchmarks Track},
    year={2021},
    url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=FZBtIpEAb5J}
}
GANsformer: Generative Adversarial Transformers Drew A

GANformer: Generative Adversarial Transformers Drew A. Hudson* & C. Lawrence Zitnick Update: We released the new GANformer2 paper! *I wish to thank Ch

Drew Arad Hudson 1.2k Jan 02, 2023
Functional deep learning

Pipeline abstractions for deep learning. Full documentation here: https://lf1-io.github.io/padl/ PADL: is a pipeline builder for PyTorch. may be used

LF1 101 Nov 09, 2022
Analyzes your GitHub Profile and presents you with a report on how likely you are to become the next MLH Fellow!

Fellowship Prediction GitHub Profile Comparative Analysis Tool Built with BentoML Table of Contents: Features Disclaimer Technologies Used Contributin

Damir Temir 51 Dec 29, 2022
PCAM: Product of Cross-Attention Matrices for Rigid Registration of Point Clouds

PCAM: Product of Cross-Attention Matrices for Rigid Registration of Point Clouds PCAM: Product of Cross-Attention Matrices for Rigid Registration of P

valeo.ai 24 May 31, 2022
HW3 ― GAN, ACGAN and UDA

HW3 ― GAN, ACGAN and UDA In this assignment, you are given datasets of human face and digit images. You will need to implement the models of both GAN

grassking100 1 Dec 13, 2021
An addernet CUDA version

Training addernet accelerated by CUDA Usage cd adder_cuda python setup.py install cd .. python main.py Environment pytorch 1.10.0 CUDA 11.3 benchmark

LingXY 4 Jun 20, 2022
A PyTorch Implementation of Single Shot MultiBox Detector

SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Object Detector, in PyTorch A PyTorch implementation of Single Shot MultiBox Detector from the 2016 paper by Wei Liu, Dragom

Max deGroot 4.8k Jan 07, 2023
Byte-based multilingual transformer TTS for low-resource/few-shot language adaptation.

One model to speak them all 🌎 Audio Language Text ▷ Chinese 人人生而自由,在尊严和权利上一律平等。 ▷ English All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rig

Mutian He 60 Nov 14, 2022
Official PyTorch implementation for "Low Precision Decentralized Distributed Training with Heterogenous Data"

Low Precision Decentralized Training with Heterogenous Data Official PyTorch implementation for "Low Precision Decentralized Distributed Training with

Aparna Aketi 0 Nov 23, 2021
Anagram Generator in Python

Anagrams Generator This is a program for computing multiword anagrams. It makes no effort to come up with sentences that make sense; it only finds ana

Day Fundora 5 Nov 17, 2022
Symmetry and Uncertainty-Aware Object SLAM for 6DoF Object Pose Estimation

SUO-SLAM This repository hosts the code for our CVPR 2022 paper "Symmetry and Uncertainty-Aware Object SLAM for 6DoF Object Pose Estimation". ArXiv li

Robot Perception & Navigation Group (RPNG) 97 Jan 03, 2023
Official repository of Semantic Image Matting

Semantic Image Matting This is the official repository of Semantic Image Matting (CVPR2021). Overview Natural image matting separates the foreground f

192 Dec 29, 2022
Amazing-Python-Scripts - 🚀 Curated collection of Amazing Python scripts from Basics to Advance with automation task scripts.

📑 Introduction A curated collection of Amazing Python scripts from Basics to Advance with automation task scripts. This is your Personal space to fin

Avinash Ranjan 1.1k Dec 29, 2022
Federated learning on graph, especially on graph neural networks (GNNs), knowledge graph, and private GNN.

Federated learning on graph, especially on graph neural networks (GNNs), knowledge graph, and private GNN.

keven 198 Dec 20, 2022
Lightweight Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images via Feature Correlation

CorrNet This project provides the code and results for 'Lightweight Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images via Feature Correlation'

Gongyang Li 13 Nov 03, 2022
AQP is a modular pipeline built to enable the comparison and testing of different quality metric configurations.

Audio Quality Platform - AQP An Open Modular Python Platform for Objective Speech and Audio Quality Metrics AQP is a highly modular pipeline designed

Jack Geraghty 24 Oct 01, 2022
Code for 'Self-Guided and Cross-Guided Learning for Few-shot segmentation. (CVPR' 2021)'

SCL Introduction Code for 'Self-Guided and Cross-Guided Learning for Few-shot segmentation. (CVPR' 2021)' We evaluated our approach using two baseline

34 Oct 08, 2022
Nonnegative spatial factorization for multivariate count data

Nonnegative spatial factorization for multivariate count data This repository contains supporting code to facilitate reproducible analysis. For detail

Will Townes 24 Dec 19, 2022
A code implementation of AC-GC: Activation Compression with Guaranteed Convergence, in NeurIPS 2021.

Code For AC-GC: Lossy Activation Compression with Guaranteed Convergence This code is intended to be used as a supplemental material for submission to

Dave Evans 2 Nov 01, 2022