httpimport
Python's missing feature!
The feature has been suggested in Python Mailing List
Remote, in-memory Python package/module importing through HTTP/S
A feature that Python2/3 misses and has become popular in other languages is the remote loading of packages/modules.
httpimport lets Python2/3 packages and modules to be imported directly in Python interpreter's process memory, through remote URIs, and more...
Examples
Load a simple package/module through HTTP/S
>>> with httpimport.remote_repo(['package1','package2','package3'], 'http://my-codes.example.com/python_packages'):
... import package1
...
Load directly from a GitHub/BitBucket/GitLab repo
- Load a python file from a github-gist (using this gist):
import httpimport
url = "https://gist.githubusercontent.com/operatorequals/ee5049677e7bbc97af2941d1d3f04ace/raw/e55fa867d3fb350f70b2897bb415f410027dd7e4"
with httpimport.remote_repo(["hello"], url):
import hello
hello.hello()
>>> with httpimport.github_repo('operatorequals', 'covertutils', branch = 'master'):
... import covertutils
... # Also works with 'bitbucket_repo' and 'gitlab_repo'
Load a package/module from HTTP/S directory directly to a variable
>>> module_object = httpimport.load('package1', 'http://my-codes.example.com/python_packages')
>>> module_object
<module 'package1' from 'http://my-codes.example.com/python_packages/package1/__init__.py'>
Load a package/module that depends on other packages/modules in different HTTP/S directories
>>> # A depends on B and B depends on C (A, B, C : Python modules/packages in different domains):
>>> # A exists in "repo_a.my-codes.example.com" |
>>> # B exists in "repo_b.my-codes.example.com" | <-- Different domains
>>> # C exists in "repo_c.my-codes.example.com" |
>>> with httpimport.remote_repo(['C'], 'http://repo_c.my-codes.example.com/python_packages'):
... with httpimport.remote_repo(['B'], 'http://repo_b.my-codes.example.com/python_packages'):
... with httpimport.remote_repo(['A'], 'http://repo_a.my-codes.example.com/python_packages'):
... import A
... # Asks for A, Searches for B, Asks for B, Searches for C, Asks for C --> Resolves --> Imports A
>>>
Load Python packages from archives served through HTTP/S
>>> # with httpimport.remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://example.com/packages.tar'):
>>> # with httpimport.remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://example.com/packages.tar.bz2'):
>>> # with httpimport.remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://example.com/packages.tar.gz'):
>>> # with httpimport.remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://example.com/packages.tar.xz'): <-- Python3 Only
>>> with httpimport.remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://example.com/packages.zip'):
... import test_package
...
>>>
Serving a package through HTTP/S
$ ls -lR
test_web_directory/:
total 16
drwxrwxr-x. 4 user user 4096 Sep 9 20:54 test_package
[...]
test_web_directory/test_package:
total 20
drwxrwxr-x. 2 user user 4096 Sep 9 20:54 a
drwxrwxr-x. 2 user user 4096 Sep 9 20:54 b
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 33 Sep 9 20:54 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 160 Sep 9 20:54 module1.py
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 160 Sep 9 20:54 module2.py
test_web_directory/test_package/a:
total 4
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 0 Sep 9 20:54 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 41 Sep 9 20:54 mod.py
test_web_directory/test_package/b:
total 4
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 0 Sep 9 20:54 __init__.py
-rw-rw-r--. 1 user user 41 Sep 9 20:54 mod.py
$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 ...
Usage
Importing Remotely
add_remote_repo() and remove_remote_repo()
These 2 functions will add and remove to the default sys.meta_path custom HttpImporter objects, given the URL they will look for packages/modules and a list of packages/modules its one can serve.
>>> import test_package### Contexts
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named test_package
>>>
>>> from httpimport import add_remote_repo, remove_remote_repo
>>> # In the given URL the 'test_package/' is available
>>> add_remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://localhost:8000/') #
>>> import test_package
>>>
>>> remove_remote_repo('http://localhost:8000/')
>>> import test_package.module1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named module1
The load() function (as of 0.5.10)
The load() function was added to make module loading possible without Namespace pollution. It is used to programmatically load a module in a variable, and call its objects directly from that variable.
>>> import httpimport
>>> pack1 = httpimport.load('test_package','http://localhost:8000/')
>>> pack1
<module 'test_package' from 'http://localhost:8000//test_package/__init__.py'>
>>>
Contexts
The remote_repo() context
Adding and removing remote repos can be a pain, especially if there are packages that are available in more than one repos. So the with keyword does the trick again:
>>> from httpimport import remote_repo
>>>
>>> with remote_repo(['test_package'], 'http://localhost:8000/') :
... from test_package import module1
...
>>>
>>> from test_package import module2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: cannot import name module2
>>> module1.dummy_str
'Constant Loaded'
>>> module1.dummy_func
<function dummy_func at 0x7f7a8a170410>
The Github Use Case!
The dedicated github_repo() context:
>>> from httpimport import github_repo
>>> with github_repo( 'operatorequals', 'covertutils', ) :
... import covertutils
...
>>> covertutils.__author__
'John Torakis - operatorequals'
>>>
What about branches?
>>> from httpimport import github_repo
>>> with github_repo( 'operatorequals', 'covertutils', branch='py3_compatibility' ) :
... import covertutils
...
>>> covertutils.__author__
'John Torakis - operatorequals'
>>>
And ad-hoc commits too?
What if you need to stick to a fixed -known to work- commit?
>>> from httpimport import github_repo
>>> with github_repo( 'operatorequals', 'covertutils', commit='cf3f78c77c437edf2c291bd5b4ed27e0a93e6a77' ) :
... import covertutils
...
>>> covertutils.__author__
'John Torakis - operatorequals'
>>>
The newer sibling bitbucket_repo() (as of 0.5.9)
>>> with bitbucket_repo('atlassian', 'python-bitbucket', module='pybitbucket'):
... import pybitbucket
...
>>>
Another sibling gitlab_repo() (as of 0.5.17)
>>> with gitlab_repo('harinathreddyk', 'python-gitlab', module='gitlab'):
... from gitlab import const
...
>>>
The domain parameter for gitlab_repo()
You can point to your own installation of GitLab by using the domain parameter:
>>> with gitlab_repo('self', 'myproject', module='test_package', domain='127.0.0.1:8080'):
... import test_package
...
>>>
This covers the posibility of using httpimport to target local development environments, which is a strong use case for httpimport.
Import remote (encrypted) ZIP files (as of 0.5.18)
After version 0.5.18 the add_remote_repo and the load functions, as well as the remote_repo context got the zip and zip_pwd parameters. By pointing to a HTTP/S URL containing a ZIP file, it is possible to remotely load modules/packages included in it, without downloading the ZIP file to disk!
>>> with httpimport.remote_repo(
... ['test_package'], base_url='http://localhost:8000/test_package.zip',
... ):
... import test_package
...
>>>
Using a ZIP password (zip_pwd parameter)
>>> with httpimport.remote_repo(
... ['test_package'], base_url='http://localhost:8000/test_package.enc.zip',
... zip_pwd=b'[email protected]!'
... ):
... import test_package
...
>>>
Life suddenly got simpler for Python module testing!!!
Imagine the breeze of testing Pull Requests and packages that you aren't sure they are worth your download.
Recursive Dependencies
If package A requires module B and A exists in http://example.com/a_repo/, while B exists in http://example.com/b_repo/, then A can be imported using the following technique:
>>> from httpimport import remote_repo
>>> with remote_repo(['B'],"http://example.com/b_repo/") :
... with remote_repo(['A'],"http://example.com/a_repo/") :
... import A
...
[!] 'B' not found in HTTP repository. Moving to next Finder.
>>>
>>> A
<module 'A' from 'http://example.com/a_repo/A/__init__.py'>
>>> B
<module 'B' from 'http://example.com/a_repo/B.py'>
>>>
Any combination of packages and modules can be imported this way!
The [!] Warning was emitted by the HttpImporter object created for A, as it couldn't locate B, and passed control to the next Finder object, that happened to be the HttpImporter object created for B!
Debugging...
>>> from httpimport import *
>>>
>>> import logging
>>> logging.getLogger('httpimport').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
>>>
>>> with github_repo('operatorequals','covertutils') :
... import covertutils
...
FINDER=================
[!] Searching covertutils
[!] Path is None
[@] Checking if connection is HTTPS secure >
[@] Checking if in declared remote module names >
[@] Checking if built-in >
[@] Checking if it is name repetition >
[*]Module/Package 'covertutils' can be loaded!
LOADER=================
[+] Loading covertutils
[+] Trying to import as package from: 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/operatorequals/covertutils/master//covertutils/__init__.py'
[+] Importing 'covertutils'
[+] Ready to execute 'covertutils' code
[+] 'covertutils' imported succesfully!
>>>
Beware: Huge Security Implications!
Using the httpimport with HTTP URLs is highly discouraged outside the localhost interface!
As HTTP traffic isn't encrypted and/or integrity checked (unlike HTTPS), it is trivial for a remote attacker to intercept the HTTP responses (via an ARP MiTM probably), and add arbitrary Python code to the downloaded packages/modules. This will directly result in Remote Code Execution to your current user's context! In other words, you get totally F*ed...
Preventing the disaster (setting httpimport.INSECURE flag):
>>> import httpimport
>>>
>>> # Importing from plain HTTP ...
>>> httpimport.load('test_module', 'http://localhost:8000//')
[!] Using non HTTPS URLs ('http://localhost:8000//') can be a security hazard!
[-] 'httpimport.INSECURE' is not set! Aborting...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "httpimport.py", line 302, in load
raise ImportError("Module '%s' cannot be imported from URL: '%s'" % (module_name, url) )
ImportError: Module 'test_module' cannot be imported from URL: 'http://localhost:8000/'
>>> # ... Throws Error!
>>>
>>> # Importing from plain HTTP has to be DELIBERATELY enabled!
>>> httpimport.INSECURE = True
>>> httpimport.load('test_module', 'http://localhost:8000//')
[!] Using non HTTPS URLs ('http://localhost:8000//') can be a security hazard!
<module 'test_module' from 'http://localhost:8000//test_module.py'>
>>> # Succeeded!
You have been warned! Use HTTPS URLs with httpimport!
Minification
This project has started to suggest stager code for HTTP/S RATs made with covertutils. The Documentation for minifying and using httpimport for such purposes can be found here.
Further minification can be achieved by python-minifier, also available in PyPI. So a minified version can be obtained as follows:
pip install python-minifer # the "pyminify" command
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/operatorequals/httpimport/master/httpimport.py | sed 's#log.*#pass#g' | grep -v "import pass" | pyminify - > httpimport_min.py
size reduction:
# Original Size Count
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/operatorequals/httpimport/0.7.1/httpimport.py | wc
[...]
504 1914 18876
# Minified Size Count
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/operatorequals/httpimport/0.7.1/httpimport.py | sed 's#log.*#pass#g' | grep -v "import pass" | pyminify - | wc
[...]
177 936 12141
Contributors
- ldsink - The
RELOADflag and Bug Fixes - lavvy - the
load()function - superloach - Deprecation of
impmodule in Python3 in favour ofimportlib - yanliakos - Bug Fix
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