哔哩哔哩爬取器:以个人为中心

Overview

Open Bilibili Crawer

哔哩哔哩是一个信息非常丰富的社交平台,我们基于此构造社交网络。在该网络中,节点包括用户(up主),以及视频、专栏等创作产物;关系包括:用户之间,包括关注关系(following/follower),回复关系(评论区),转发关系(对视频or动态转发);用户对创作物,包括评论关系(包括评论文本),发弹幕关系(包括弹幕文本),点赞、投币关系等。创作物之间的关系也可以人为构建,比如所属同一类别分区,拥有50%以上的相同tag等。

综上,哔哩哔哩网络是一个信息丰富的异质网络。

我们尝试以一个人为中心,去爬取他的个人信息与创作物信息。通过对指定的一群人进行信息的爬取,我们就可以得到一张信息丰富的异质网络。所以,OBC(Open Bilibili Crawer)的输入是一个用户,或一组用户的id(mid)。

OBC目前封装了三类爬虫:==关系爬虫、个人信息爬虫和视频爬虫==。关系爬虫负责通过默认的following关系爬取用户之间的关系,构建基础用户网络;个人信息爬虫负责抓取用户尽量多的有价值信息,提供用户节点属性;视频爬虫负责爬取视频相关的文本信息与统计类信息,可以进一步丰富用户节点属性,也可以构建异质视频节点。

OBC构建的异质网络

1. 关系爬虫

由于B站限制,对自己以外的用户最多只能浏览100个关注者/粉丝,所以关系爬虫对每个用户最多爬取100个他的关注者。对于大V来说,关注者数量通常远小于粉丝的数量,所以这种采样方法可以尽量减少网络结构的偏差。该爬虫返回三元组的列表,字段包括:

字段名 含义 备注
from_nd 中心用户mid
to_nd 中心用户关注的用户mid
rel_type 默认为“following”

这样的含义是:from_nd关注了to_nd。

2. 个人信息爬虫

个人信息分散在多个接口中,我们爬取的个人信息字段包括:

字段名 含义 备注
nfollowing 关注者数量
nfollower 粉丝数量
uname 用户名
sex 性别 男 女 保密
sign 个人简介
level b站等级 0-6的整数
official 官方头衔 以、分隔的字符串,分隔后每个元素都是一个头衔
birthday 生日 MM-DD格式,如01-01
school 学校
profession 职业
video_view 视频总播放量
article_view 专栏总阅读量
nlike 总点赞数

还有视频投稿数等一些指标没有集成进来。不过这些应该足够作为节点属性了。

3. 视频爬虫

该爬虫首先找到个人最近投稿的最多50条视频,然后对每条视频抓取一些文本信息和统计量。视频条数可以扩充。

文本信息包括视频所属类别(typeid)和视频的标签(tag 、tid)。爬虫还会存储所有遇见过的标签的信息,包括标签的题目、tid、关注该标签的人数、使用过该标签的人数等。此外,只需要建立typeid和标签的关联就可以大致判断出typeid代表的分区类型。统计量包括视频播放量等一系列数值。此外,接口还提供了视频时长、视频发布时间等更多的指标,这些并没有集成进来。

目前,每个人的视频信息包括:

    "mid" : 359797,      //mid
    "video_type" : {     //对视频所属种类的统计,视频种类以typeid代表
        "138" : 44,
        "21" : 4,
        "240" : 1,
        "28" : 1
    },
    "video_tag" : {     //对视频的标签出现频次按照降序排列,最多存50个,标签以标签id(tid)代表,可以在全局存标签信息的数据中查找到对应的标签名
        "1711163" : 38,
        "1833" : 17,
        "7662089" : 11,
        "6497596" : 10,
        "13926" : 9,
        ...
        "19327" : 1,
        "34356" : 1
    },
    "video_stat" : [   // 列表,每个元素都是视频的一些统计信息,包括8个指标
        {
            "aid" : 848235319,
            "bvid" : "BV1ZL4y1872w",
            "view" : 84679,
            "danmaku" : 107,  // 弹幕数
            "reply" : 273,
            "favorite" : 299,
            "coin" : 302,
            "share" : 309,
            "like" : 5082,
            "his_rank" : 0  // 0以外越小越好
        }, 
        {
            "aid" : 848011693,
            "bvid" : "BV1aL4y1a77s",
            "view" : 3128993,
            "danmaku" : 1767,
            "reply" : 4511,
            "favorite" : 33329,
            "coin" : 21221,
            "share" : 46047,
            "like" : 177489,
            "his_rank" : 34
        }, 
        ...
        ]

可以这样利用视频信息:

  1. 对每个人取topK个标签,把标签编码为向量后作为用户节点的属性之一
  2. 取每个人的视频所属类别最多的那个类别(typeid)作为用户节点的标签,看成K类别的多分类问题
  3. 视频的统计量,每个指标取sum/mean/max作为用户节点属性的一个维度

每个标签的信息如下:

{
	"tid" : 1767558,
    "tag_name" : "VLOG日常",
    "subscribe" : 5225,  // 关注数
    "use" : 1447949,     // 使用数
    "feature" : 0
}

4. Future Work

OBC建立在已圈定一批用户的基础上,对这批用户构造信息丰富的网络结构。如何圈定用户不在OBC职能之内。

未来工作包括:

  1. 构造异质节点和边:目前虽然可以构造视频节点,但用户和视频之间只有”发布视频“一种关系,还没有办法增加其他”用户--视频“关系如点赞、评论等。
  2. 本网络能服务于哪些下游任务?需要我们和看到此项目的各位一同思考。
  3. 增强OBC性能:添加代理、多线程等。
Owner
Boshen Shi
Devoted to my true belief
Boshen Shi
爬虫案例合集。包括但不限于《淘宝、京东、天猫、豆瓣、抖音、快手、微博、微信、阿里、头条、pdd、优酷、爱奇艺、携程、12306、58、搜狐、百度指数、维普万方、Zlibraty、Oalib、小说、招标网、采购网、小红书》

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